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     The production of cabbage sprouts has regional limitations and is sensitive to climate. The Asian and African broccoli has a wide adaptability and is close to broccoli cultivation methods and environmental requirements. Therefore, most of the country's broccoli cultivation areas can be cultivated, and the market potential is huge. Asian and African Broccoli No. 1,

 
Characteristic

Asian and African Zelanta No.1

1 Sowing seedlings

1.1 Sowing period

      湖北、湖南、江西、皖南、苏南、上海、浙北地区建议秋季露地种植：***育苗时间7月15日-8月15日；春季大棚种植：12月10日-1月10日育苗，2月5日-2月25日定植，预计4月10日-5月10日上市；春季露地种植：1月20日—3月15日育苗，3月1日-4月10日定植，预计5月10日-6月15日左右上市。云南地区建议7月25日-8月25日育苗；安徽中部、豫南地区建议7月5日-8月5日育苗。

1.2 苗床制作和消毒

     土壤消毒后翻耕打碎，然后起厢，厢宽1.2～1.5m，厢高15cm，铺平后可作为穴盘育苗所需的苗床。

1.3 穴盘选择和基质消毒

     选择105个孔的穴盘，成品基质根据实际情况可在育苗前选择使用多菌灵500倍消毒处理育苗基质。

1.4 装盘

     将基质(专用的蔬菜育苗基质)加水拌匀，使基质含水量在50～60%左右(用手攥一下松手散陀)，装盘，***用木板将多余的基质刮掉，使其与穴盘相平。

1.5 播种

     基质装盘后浇足水(使水从穴盘的底孔渗处)，每穴打深1.2cm的小孔，播种，然后覆盖基质，每穴1粒种子，浇透水。一般每亩用种量为20g左右。

1.6 苗期管理

     苗期管理应根据外界环境条件的变化，适时开关遮阳网和通风窗，使温度控制在23℃左右。同时，结合基质湿度浇水，见干见湿，并使空气相对湿度控制在75%左右。一般播种3天后，种子开始出土，在***片真叶长出之前，应适当降低温度，增加光照，防止幼苗徒长，并喷施75%百菌清可湿性粉剂600倍液防治猝倒病。

     当长出***片真叶后，适当增加温度，促进生长。结合幼苗生长状况，在幼苗生长到2～3片真叶时喷施一次0.1%的水溶肥溶液。定植前7～10天炼苗，使温室内的环境尽量接近定植到大田中的环境，遮阳网根据天气打开。定植前2天，喷施一次75%百菌清可湿性粉剂800倍液。

2 Soil preparation and fertilization

      Choose loam or sandy loam that is flat, convenient for irrigation and drainage, and the previous crop is not cruciferous. Before planting, sprinkle 2500-3000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 60kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 1kg of borax, and 0.5kg of granular zinc per mu before planting. The cabin height is 20-30cm, the cabin width is 1.0-1.2m, and the groove width is 30-33cm. Cover with mulch for later use.

3 Colonization

      Seedlings are grown for 30 to 35 days, and 4 to 5 true leaves are planted. Watering thoroughly before planting is conducive to fetching seedlings. Usually choose to plant in the afternoon on sunny or cloudy days, planting 2 rows per compartment, type-type planting, 1 plant per hole, row spacing 55-60cm, plant spacing 40-45cm, generally planting 2500-2800 plants per acre. After planting, pour enough root water to help the seedlings survive.

4 Field management

4.1 Topdressing and watering

      10-15 days after planting, apply 5-10kg of urea thinly per mu; apply 10-15kg/mu of urea during the budding stage, and apply 15kg compound fertilizer every 10 days during the harvest period. Keep the soil moist during the growth period. In a sunny day with high temperature, it is generally advisable to water in the morning or evening.

4.2 Topping

     Broccoli is mainly harvested from side moss, so start to pick the main curd when the diameter of the main flower bulb is 5cm to facilitate the germination and growth of the side moss. Remove the entire main flower ball when topping.

4.3 Integrated control of plant diseases and insect pests

     The plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control" should be implemented, with agricultural control and physical control as the mainstay, and chemical control as the supplement. The main pests and diseases of broccoli are soft rot, black rot, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth and cutworm.

     Soft rot and black rot are bacterial diseases. At the initial stage of the disease, use 77% of the wettable powder 500 to 800 times liquid or Chun Lei Wang copper to prevent and control alternately, once every 7 to 10 days, and even prevent 2 ~3 times.

     Plutella xylostella (hanging silkworm) mainly damages the young leaves of broccoli. Use BT wettable powder 1000 times liquid or 2.8% high. Emamectin benzoate EC 2000-3 000 times liquid or 2.5% spinosad suspension (Caixi) Use 1500 times liquid for spray control, alternate use, once every 7 to 10 days, and even prevent 2 to 3 times.

     Pieris rapae mainly damages the leaves of broccoli. It can be sprayed with BT wettable powder 1000 times liquid or 50% phoxim EC 1000 times liquid or 5% lambda cyhalothrin emulsion 2000 to 3000 times liquid for spray control, alternate use, Once every 7 to 10 days, repeat the defense for 2 to 3 times.

     The cutworm mainly harms the tender stems of broccoli seedlings. The larvae can be sprayed with pyrethroid agents on the rhizomes, and the liquid should penetrate into the soil. Adults can be trapped and killed with sweet and sour liquid and black light. Use 6 parts sugar, 4 parts vinegar, 1 part wine, 10 parts water, 1 part 90% trichlorfon pesticide, mix thoroughly, and hang on the broccoli planting area.

5 Harvest

     When the side moss grows to 15-25cm, choose the early morning or evening on a sunny day, and harvest it before the florets are formed and not dispersed. The flower buds are prone to slack and bloom, and the quality of the moss becomes aging and affects the quality. When harvesting, harvest above the 2nd to 4th leaves, pay attention to the knife edge to cut obliquely to prevent rot caused by stagnant water. It is harvested every 3 to 5 days, and can be harvested continuously for 8 to 10 times, and the output can reach 1000 to 1300 kg/mu.

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